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great white shark
The great white shark (''Carcharodon carcharias''), also known as the great white, white pointer, white shark, or white death, is a species of large lamniform shark which can be found in the coastal surface waters of all the major oceans. The great white shark is mainly known for its size, with mature individuals growing up to in length (although reports have been published of great white sharks measuring over ) and in weight.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/fish/great-white-shark.html )〕 This shark reaches its maturity around 15 years of age and was previously believed to have a life span of over 30 years. The true lifespan of great white sharks is far longer, now estimated to be as long as 70 years or more, making it one of the longest lived cartilaginous fish currently known.〔http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/01/140109004145.htm〕 Male great white sharks take 26 years to reach sexual maturity, while the females take 33 years to be ready to produce offspring.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Great White Sharks Are Late Bloomers )〕 Great white sharks can accelerate to over .〔''Alaska's Great White Sharks'', by Bruce A. Wright, 2007, page 27〕
The great white shark has no natural predators other than the killer whale. The great white shark is arguably the world's largest known extant macropredatory fish, and is one of the primary predators of marine mammals. It is also known to prey upon a variety of other marine animals, including fish and seabirds. It is the only known surviving species of its genus ''Carcharodon'', and is ranked first in having the most recorded attacks on humans.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= ISAF Statistics on Attacking Species of Shark )〕 The IUCN list the great white shark as a vulnerable species,〔 (Database entry includes justification for why this species is vulnerable)〕 while it is included in Appendix II of CITES.
The bestselling novel ''Jaws'' by Peter Benchley and the subsequent blockbuster film by Steven Spielberg depicted the great white shark as a "ferocious man eater". Humans are not the preferred prey of the great white shark, but, nevertheless, the great white is responsible for the largest number of reported and identified fatal unprovoked shark attacks on humans.〔ISAF (Statistics on Attacking Species of Shark )〕
== Taxonomy ==
In 1758, Carl Linnaeus gave the great white shark its first scientific name, ''Squalus carcharias''. Later, Sir Andrew Smith gave it ''Carcharodon'' as its generic name in 1833, and also in 1873. The generic name was identified with Linnaeus' specific name and the current scientific name, ''Carcharodon carcharias'', was finalized. ''Carcharodon'' comes from the Greek words ''karcharos'', which means sharp or jagged, and ''odous'', which means tooth.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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